How will you plan against any natural Calamity in your area HSC OCM Project
INTRODUCTION
A natural Calamity is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of
the Earth; examples are floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can
occur at any time. Some disasters give a warning, such as a storm preceding a
flood. Others, such as earthquakes, give little or no warning. Once a
disaster happens, the time to prepare is gone. The best way to cope with a
natural disaster is to prepare by having a plan before it strikes. Disasters
vary in size, from smaller events such as a storm affecting a single suburb, to
large-scale events that can affect whole cities or large areas that cross state
boundaries. As a result of disasters, people may be injured or killed, or may
lose their homes and valuable possessions. It is important to protect your
family, home, business and assets from such events. Insurers provide society
with the means to do this. Following a natural disaster, INSURANCE companies
can pay claims to policyholders with the right policies who are affected,
allowing communities to rebuild. Taking steps to prepare for a disaster can
help get you back to normal faster. If you are unprepared, the devastation and
financial loss caused
by natural disasters can be magnified.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
·
To Saves Lives
·
To Reduces Danger
·
To Reduces Uncertainty
·
To Helps Cope with Stress
·
To Speeds Recovery
·
To Establishes Sense of Safety and
Security
·
To Your Responsibility
·
To Your Civic Duty
NEEDS AND IMPORTANTS
· Different
disasters require different responses. Being prepared for various disaster
emergencies can make a huge difference in saving lives as well as money.
· Knowing
the steps to take during a disaster – whether flooding, tornadoes, earthquakes
or another crisis – can greatly reduce the danger and distress your family may
face.
· Not having
a complete understanding of a hazard threat can leave you frightened and
uncertain of what to do to protect yourself and your loved ones. Being
prepared by knowing what to do reduces uncertainty.
· Disasters
are stressful events over which we have little or no control. The sudden
disruption of everyday life, the experience of fear, feelings of uncertainty
and a lost sense of safety are the common factors that make all disasters very
stressful.
· How
quickly you can recover from a disaster depends on how well you have planned
and prepared for one.
· Preparing
for a disaster is simply part of providing for and protecting your family.
DATA ANALYSIS
Natural disasters are generally
unpredictable types of disasters and the destruction caused by these depends
upon the intensity of the disasters. These disasters include floods,
hurricanes, earthquakes and volcano eruptions that can have immediate impacts
on human health, as well as secondary impacts causing further death and
suffering from floods causing landslides, earthquakes resulting in fires,
tsunamis causing widespread flooding and typhoons sinking ferries. Majorly the
cause of these disasters is the change in climate as well as the movements
inside the earth like moving of tectonic plates or lava. Depending upon the
intensity as well as the destruction caused these can be classified as:
Major Natural Disaster:
Major natural disasters include the
events of the high intensity earthquake, floods, cyclone, flash floods, some
major landslides and event of draught. These disasters generally cause a high
loss of life and property and also lead to displacement of a lot of people from
their shelters. These disasters pose a major threat to the developmental
projects as well as the infrastructure of a particular area.
Preparedness against these disasters should be on the top of the priority list.
Minor Natural Disaster:
Cold wave, heavy rains causing disruption
in normal life, heat wave, thunderstorms, mudslides some minor and earthquakes
can be few cases of minor natural disasters. These disasters do not cause much
loss in the terms of human life as well as property. Though, if care is not
taken then these can prove to be fatal for human beings. There is generally not
much need for disaster preparedness at the community level but this kind of
disaster requires personal preparedness and awareness against these disasters.
For example, there can’t be disaster preparedness for heat-wave or cold wave at
the community level; it is our own responsibility to take care of ourselves in
the event of severe cold and heat.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF DISASTERS:
·
Floods
·
Train Accidents
·
Aeroplane Crash
·
Tsunami
·
Earthquakes
·
Wild Fires
·
Rock and Snow Avalanches
·
Cyclones
·
Tornados
·
Typhoons
Disaster preparedness:
Disaster preparedness or disaster
management activities are aimed to minimize loss of life and damage in the
event of a disaster. Disaster management forces can help by removing people and
property from a threatened location and by facilitating timely and effective
rescue, relief and rehabilitation at the place of disaster. Preparedness is the
only way of reducing the impact of disasters as most of the disasters are
unpredictable and even if predicted, there is not much time to act.
Community-based preparedness and management should be a high priority in
physical therapy practice management. Also, it should be the main agenda of the
government to appoint a proper department dealing with the disaster management
and preparedness. Every municipality must have a disaster management plan as
part of its Integrated Development Plans, according to the Municipal Systems
Act. The local authorities should be empowered to act as soon as possible in
the event of a disaster. It may take time to get relief and rescue operation to
start, so in the meantime, it is the role of Municipal disaster management team
to provide rescue work as soon as disaster strikes.
- Mitigation: Mitigation can be defined as the effort
to reduce the loss of life and property in the event of a
disaster by lessening the impact of disasters. Mitigation is taking action
now before the next disaster to reduce human and financial consequences
later. Mitigation involves analyzing risk, reducing risk
and ensuring against risk. Personal mitigation is a key to
national preparedness. Individuals and families train to avoid unnecessary
risks. This includes an assessment of possible risks to personal/family
health and to personal property. Effective mitigation at the time of
disaster requires that we all understand local risks, address the hard
choices, and invest in long-term community well-being. Without mitigation
actions, we jeopardize our safety, financial security, and self-reliance.
For effective mitigation, coordination, planning, and mock
activities are very important. Disasters can happen at any
time and anyplace; their human and financial consequences are hard to
predict, preparedness is the only solution.
- Rescue: Disaster can strike any place
at any time. The response phase of an emergency may commence with
search and rescue but in all cases, the focus will quickly turn
to fulfill the basic humanitarian needs of the affected population.
The assistance may be provided by national or international agencies and
organizations but it is the role of local bodies to act as soon as
possible. Effective coordination of disaster assistance is often crucial,
particularly when many organizations respond and local emergency
management agency capacity has been exceeded by the demand or diminished
by the disaster itself. Rescue operation involves providing medication to
those hurt and taking people out of the affected area and debris in the
events of earthquake and floods etc. There are various rescue teams at
national and state level which come into action as soon as disaster
strikes. But it is also better if local authorities are also trained as
they have the best knowledge about the geographical location and
other local conditions.
- Relief: This is a coordinated multi-agency response to
reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results. Relief
operation starts as soon as disaster strikes and the
main emphasis is laid on providing injured with medication and
providing food as well as clean drinking water to the people. Relief
activities include rescue, relocation, providing food and water,
preventing disease and disability, repairing vital services such as
telecommunications and transport, providing temporary shelter and
emergency health care. It is very important to provide relief operation as
soon as possible to minimize the number of causalities and to provide
relief for injured. The relief workers are trained in basic first aid and
medication and are also given training on maintaining coordination
even in the event of a crisis. The relief operation is best supported
only when carried out as a teamwork and all the members
of the team should coordinate well with each other and
also support one another without any discrepancy.
- Rehabilitation: As soon as disaster strikes the first
thing that comes to mind is relief and rescue operations. Once emergency
needs have been met and the initial crisis is over, the people affected
and the communities that support them are still vulnerable and it is time
to start rehabilitation activities. Rehabilitation activities include
rebuilding infrastructure, health care, and other basic necessities. These
should blend with development activities, such as building human resources
for health and developing policies and practices to avoid similar
situations in the future. The immediate goal of the rehabilitation phase
is to bring the affected area back to some degree of normalcy and to get
back to the normal situation as soon as possible. During reconstruction,
it is recommended to consider the location or construction material of the
property and it should not be hurried rather reconstruction should be done
properly and effectively.
Importance of Disaster
Management
Disasters are events that
have a huge impact on humans and the environment. Disasters are inevitable, we
cannot do anything to prevent these but disaster preparedness is only in our
hand. Disasters management requires government intervention and a proper planning
as well as funding. It is not necessary that these disasters are always
unpredictable. Floods take place in valleys and floodplains, droughts in areas
with unstable and low rainfall, and oil spills happen in shipping lanes. This
predictability provides opportunities to plan for, prevent and to lessen the
impact of disasters. Disasters are inevitable although we do not always know
when and where they will happen. But their worst effects can be partially or
completely prevented by preparation, early warning, and swift, decisive
responses.
Disaster management aims to
reduce the occurrence of disasters and to reduce the impact of those that
cannot be prevented. The government White paper and Act on Disaster Management
define the roles of Local Authorities as well as Provincial and National
government in disaster management. Disaster management forces come into action
as soon as a disaster strikes and help out in the relief, rescue and
rehabilitation process. These are trained individuals and are given extensive
training to perform in the event of a disaster or a natural calamity and they
work as a team to reduce the loss of life and helping the locals getting back
to normal life.
CONCLUSION
Disaster management consists of risk
analysis, where you determine what COULD happen and work to mitigate the
result, and Threat analysis where you assess something that is LIKELY to happen
and you work to mitigate the result.
As you
build your disaster management plan you perform regular drills and exercises to
simulate the disaster and rate your response in as close to a real world
scenario as you can reasonably come.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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